The Ainu are an ethnic group indigenous to Hokkaido and northern Honshu. They are also known as Ezo or Yezo (虾夷, Ezo or Yezo) in ancient Japanese, and as it is like today Utari prefer to be called. Currently, there are about 15,000 Japanese with a parent or both belonging to this ethnic group.
Its origins are very old and today they are considered together with other ethnic groups of Siberia, as the first groups of settlers from Asia. According to archaeological finds came to Hokkaido during the last Ice Age over 18,000 years.
Moreover Ainu have genetic characteristics that demonstrate its clear differentiation from other contemporary populations of the region.
Traditional Ainu culture is very different from the Japanese. At a certain age men stopped shaving so the older men had huge beards and mustaches. Men and women cut their hair the same way and at puberty, women tattooed their mouths, arms and genitals with ash birch bark.
Their traditional dress was made with a thread that was extracted from the bark of elm and consisted of a layer of large sleeves that reach almost to the feet. In winter wore animal skins of deer leather leggings and boots and dog salmon. Both men and women wore earrings and necklaces called "tamasay.
They hunted with bows and poisoned arrows and their diet consisted mainly of deer meat, bear, fox, wolf, badger, ox and horse, as well as fish, crabs, oysters, birds, millet, fruits, vegetables, herbs and roots. Unlike the Japanese did not eat raw fish. To eat using chopsticks and some utensils that served to divide the mustache and women used wooden spoons.
They lived in huts made from reeds in one window and two doors, without room and a place for the fire in the center of it. They had no chimney and a hole in the roof served to evacuate the Ainu humo.Los sat and slept on the floor two layers of carpet, a reed and a cloth.
Since trade began to take a more direct contact with the rest of the Japanese from the seventeenth century. But during the Meiji era, the Japanese government to remove most powerful clan of the Island, Matsude thus initiating the annexation of Hokkaido and a campaign of acculturation of the Ainu people.
In the nineteenth century, the Ainu were fully integrated in Japan but relations between the two cultures were quite complicated, since the natives considered their traditions disappeared in favor of the Japanese.
But in 1973, the Ainu gathered in an assembly to vindicate the rights of his people in the Japanese nation. They currently have a stake in the Japanese parliament.
In 2008 the Japanese parliament unanimously adopted a resolution which recognized the Ainu as "an indigenous people with their own language, religion and culture" This recognition will allow the Japanese government to allocate aid in education and employment to the members of this ethnic group.
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Photos: kuckibaboo , pinned